Number Representation
In computer science, everything (at the moment) is represented by 1's and 0's, stored in groupings such as bytes (8 bits).
Each bit represents a power of 2, so a group of 8 bits representing the number 130 may look like this.
| Bits | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base 10 (Decimal) | 128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Base 2 (Binary) | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 20 |
128 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 == 130
The above representation is that of an unsigned integer with 8-bits, i.e. Rust's u8.
For simplicity, we'll only be looking at the
8-bitvariants of integers in this major section. You can apply these topics to the larger variants by extending the number of bits towards the left-hand side, i.e. 256, 512, etc.